Levi sends Langbein a number of chemical-technical observations regarding a chapter of the new book documenting gas chambers that was recently published by Fischer.
3) A p. 285, il passaggio da «Unter diesen Vermittlern…» fino a «mit dem Ausdruck âCytochromo-oxydaseâ» non Ăš chiaro e si direbbe che manchi qualcosa: ma non essendo un fisiologo, non oso fare correzioni.
ovvero con i numerini in basso e la freccia al posto del segno =.
Ă tutto. Sono certo che comprenderai i motivi della mia pignoleria: Ăš che i nostri avversari sono pignoli, non depongono le armi, e sarebbe preferibile non farsi cogliere alla sprovvista da loro, o persino doverne subire le critiche.
Mi auguro che il ritorno a Vienna sia andato bene e sono felice di averti rivisto in buona salute e in piena attivitĂ come al solito. Ho cercato di ottenere da Mursia qualche notizia sulla traduzione di Uomini ad Auschwitz, ma per adesso senza risultati: ti terrĂČ al corrente. Per intanto, ti stringo cordialmente la mano.
Turin, Oct. 31, 1983[1]
Dear Hermann,
As I promised, I am sending you here my observations on the chapter âDie zwei Giftgase,âp. 281 ff. of the book you gave me.[2]
1) Pp. 282 and 283 discuss âeinen reizerzeugenden (âŠ) Wasserstoff.â I think that there is an error, because hydrogen (=Wasserstoff) has completely different properties, and that it should read Warnstoff.[3] In fact, in a book that I read in the past (D. Meyer, Der Gaskampf und die chemische Kampfstoffe, 1926) I find that Zyklon B was (or is?) a mixture of hydrogen cyanide (=Cyanwasserstoff) with approx. 10% âof halogenated products of the methyl- and ethyl- chloro- and bromocarbonates type,â whose function is to indicate by their odor, which is very strong and irritating, possible leaks of the product. Regarding this, I do not quite understand the term âprotectâ (p. 282, next-to-last line): it should read something like âstrengthens, intensifies.â
2) The term âSchwefelĂ€therâ (p. 283) has been out of date for a long time: it should be replaced with âĂthylĂ€ther.â[4] The reasoning that follows is not correct, because it depends on the thermometric scale that has been chosen (for example, we would find 111 degrees instead of 132 if we used absolute temperature); better to avoid quantification, and simply say that the surface of the human body is always much higher than the boiling point of hydrogen cyanide. In any case, the point is not essential, and the âFaurissoniansâ[5] are wrong to insist on it: the vapor pressure (Dampfdruck) of hy. cy. is already quite high at ordinary temperatures. At Monowitz (and surely at Au. I also) they used Zyklon B to kill lice in the blocks, even in winter.
3) On p. 285, the passage from  is not clear, and it seems as if something is missing: but, not being a physiologist, Iâm wary of making any corrections.
4) In the entire chapter, the chemical formulas are written following French usage, not German (and Italian). It should read HCN instead of CNH, KCN and NaCN instead of CNK and CNNa; in particular, the reaction on p. 286 (bottom) should be written as follows:
Ca (CN)2 + 2H2O > 2HCN + Ca(OH)2
i.e., with the little numbers at the bottom and an arrow instead of the = sign.
That is all. I am sure you will understand the reason for my meticulousness: it is because our adversaries are meticulous and do not give up the fight, and when facing them it would not be pleasant to be taken by surprise, or even to have to endure their criticism.
I hope you are satisfied with the Conference. I do not have a great deal of experience with conferences, but my impression is that everything went quite well, without too much rhetoric or too many repetitions. In my opinion, your account and that of Miss Bravo[6] were the best.
I hope you are back home safely in Vienna, and I am happy to have seen you again in good health and very active as always. I tried to get some news from Mursia about the translation of People in Auschwitz, but, for now, without any results: I will keep you posted. In the meantime, I warmly shake your hand.
3) A p. 285, il passaggio da «Unter diesen Vermittlern…» fino a «mit dem Ausdruck âCytochromo-oxydaseâ» non Ăš chiaro e si direbbe che manchi qualcosa: ma non essendo un fisiologo, non oso fare correzioni.
ovvero con i numerini in basso e la freccia al posto del segno =.
Ă tutto. Sono certo che comprenderai i motivi della mia pignoleria: Ăš che i nostri avversari sono pignoli, non depongono le armi, e sarebbe preferibile non farsi cogliere alla sprovvista da loro, o persino doverne subire le critiche.
Mi auguro che il ritorno a Vienna sia andato bene e sono felice di averti rivisto in buona salute e in piena attivitĂ come al solito. Ho cercato di ottenere da Mursia qualche notizia sulla traduzione di Uomini ad Auschwitz, ma per adesso senza risultati: ti terrĂČ al corrente. Per intanto, ti stringo cordialmente la mano.
Turin, Oct. 31, 1983[1]
Dear Hermann,
As I promised, I am sending you here my observations on the chapter âDie zwei Giftgase,âp. 281 ff. of the book you gave me.[2]
1) Pp. 282 and 283 discuss âeinen reizerzeugenden (âŠ) Wasserstoff.â I think that there is an error, because hydrogen (=Wasserstoff) has completely different properties, and that it should read Warnstoff.[3] In fact, in a book that I read in the past (D. Meyer, Der Gaskampf und die chemische Kampfstoffe, 1926) I find that Zyklon B was (or is?) a mixture of hydrogen cyanide (=Cyanwasserstoff) with approx. 10% âof halogenated products of the methyl- and ethyl- chloro- and bromocarbonates type,â whose function is to indicate by their odor, which is very strong and irritating, possible leaks of the product. Regarding this, I do not quite understand the term âprotectâ (p. 282, next-to-last line): it should read something like âstrengthens, intensifies.â
2) The term âSchwefelĂ€therâ (p. 283) has been out of date for a long time: it should be replaced with âĂthylĂ€ther.â[4] The reasoning that follows is not correct, because it depends on the thermometric scale that has been chosen (for example, we would find 111 degrees instead of 132 if we used absolute temperature); better to avoid quantification, and simply say that the surface of the human body is always much higher than the boiling point of hydrogen cyanide. In any case, the point is not essential, and the âFaurissoniansâ[5] are wrong to insist on it: the vapor pressure (Dampfdruck) of hy. cy. is already quite high at ordinary temperatures. At Monowitz (and surely at Au. I also) they used Zyklon B to kill lice in the blocks, even in winter.
3) On p. 285, the passage from  is not clear, and it seems as if something is missing: but, not being a physiologist, Iâm wary of making any corrections.
4) In the entire chapter, the chemical formulas are written following French usage, not German (and Italian). It should read HCN instead of CNH, KCN and NaCN instead of CNK and CNNa; in particular, the reaction on p. 286 (bottom) should be written as follows:
Ca (CN)2 + 2H2O > 2HCN + Ca(OH)2
i.e., with the little numbers at the bottom and an arrow instead of the = sign.
That is all. I am sure you will understand the reason for my meticulousness: it is because our adversaries are meticulous and do not give up the fight, and when facing them it would not be pleasant to be taken by surprise, or even to have to endure their criticism.
I hope you are satisfied with the Conference. I do not have a great deal of experience with conferences, but my impression is that everything went quite well, without too much rhetoric or too many repetitions. In my opinion, your account and that of Miss Bravo[6] were the best.
I hope you are back home safely in Vienna, and I am happy to have seen you again in good health and very active as always. I tried to get some news from Mursia about the translation of People in Auschwitz, but, for now, without any results: I will keep you posted. In the meantime, I warmly shake your hand.
Info
Notes
Tag
Sender: Primo Levi
Addressee: Hermann Langbein
Date of Drafting: 1983-10-31
Place of Writing: Turin
Description: carbon copy (or photocopy?) on onionskin paper of a typewritten letter with handwritten insertions in black ballpoint pen.
Archive: Archivio privato di Primo Levi, Turin
Series: Fasc. 14, sottofasc. 8, docc. da 8 a 12, ff. 210 e 211
Folio: 2, front only
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15160/QTQA-D470
[1] In the upper margin of the sheet of paper, there is a handwritten insertion in black ink by Levi: âH. Langbein | A- 1100, Weiganhof 5.â
[2] Or rather, âThe two toxic gasses.â This regards chapter 9 of the book Nationalsozialistische Massentötungen durch Giftgas. Eine Dokumentation, (âNational Socialist Mass Murder by Means of Toxic Gas. Documentary Researchâ, cf. note 3, letter 53), which studies carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide from a chemical and historical-chemical point of view and their use at Auschwitz (Zyklon B was composed of hydrogen cyanide). The chapter is on pp. 281-87 of the first Fischer edition; most likely, Langbein gave the book personally to Levi during the conference in Turin in October 1983.
[3] âWarnstoffâ means âwarning agentâ: this is the definition of various chemical additives whose function is to signal possible leaks, primarily through their smell.
[4] Ether, whose scientific name is diethyl ether (âDiethyletherâ) or ethyl ether (âĂthylĂ€therâ); previously, it was also referred to as sulfuric ether (âSchwefelĂ€therâ).
[5] In other words, the followers of Robert Faurisson (1929-2018), a French denialist professor, who on December 29, 1978 published an open letter in Le Monde entitled âLe ProblĂšme des chambres Ă gaz, ou la rumeur dâAuschwitzâ (âThe Problem with Gas Chambers, or the Auschwitz Rumorâ), in which he cast doubt on mass gassing in the extermination camps. The article created an uproar and sparked a new wave of denialism, cf. the Insight.
[6] Levi is referring to Anna Bravo (1938-2019), who wrote a report with Anna Maria Bruzzone, Federico Cereja and Brunello Martelli entitled âPrime riflessioni sulla raccolta della storia di vita di ex deportati del Piemonteâ (âInitial reflections on the collection of life stories of former deportees from Piedmontâ), (in the proceedings on pp. 147-61) and also presented a personal report: âAlcune osservazioni aggiuntive su memoria e raccontoâ (âA few additional observations on memory and narrationâ), (in the proceedings on pp. 162-71); Levi is almost certainly referring to this.